引言：

量子计算机仍然极易受到错误以及周围环境微小干扰的影响。

量子操作完成所需时间越长，这些错误积累的时间就越多。

瑞典查尔姆斯理工大学的研究人员现在开发出一种方法，能够以快一千倍以上的速度执行多种高级量子操作。

这一进展解决了该领域的一个主要障碍，并可能帮助量子计算更接近实现容错。

中英文双语阅读：

Quantum computers could eventually transform areas such as drug discovery, energy technology, cryptography, artificial intelligence, and logistics. Before that can happen, however, these machines need to become much more dependable.

量子计算机最终可能改变药物发现、能源技术、密码学、人工智能和物流等领域。

然而，在这一切成为现实之前，这些机器需要变得可靠得多。

Why Quantum Computers Are So Error-Prone

为什么量子计算机如此容易出错

A major challenge is that quantum computations can be disrupted by extremely small environmental effects. Electrical noise, cosmic radiation, and overheating can all introduce errors while information is being processed.

一个主要挑战是，量子计算可能被极其微小的环境效应扰乱。

电噪声、宇宙辐射和过热都可能在信息处理过程中引入错误。

Traditional computers can experience errors too, but decades of development have produced reliable error correction methods that can quickly detect and repair them. Quantum systems are much harder to protect because the information they use is extraordinarily delicate.

传统计算机也会出现错误，但数十年的发展已经产生了可靠的纠错方法，可以快速检测并修复这些错误。

量子系统要保护起来困难得多，因为它们使用的信息极其脆弱。

"The fundamental building blocks of quantum computers, known as qubits, are so sensitive that even the smallest disturbance can cause the quantum state to deviate from the target, resulting in the loss of information. If too many errors accumulate before they can be corrected, the computation can fail," says Lei Du, researcher in Applied Quantum Physics at Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden, and lead author of the theoretical study published in the journal Physical Review Letters.

“量子计算机的基本构件，即量子比特，是如此敏感，以至于即使最微小的扰动也可能导致量子态偏离目标，从而造成信息丢失。

如果在错误能够被纠正之前积累了太多错误，计算就可能失败，”瑞典查尔姆斯理工大学应用量子物理研究员、发表在《物理评论快报》上的这项理论研究的第一作者Lei Du说。

A Different Way to Protect Quantum Information

保护量子信息的另一种方式

To make quantum computing more resilient and eventually fault-tolerant, researchers are investigating new ways to shield quantum information from errors. One promising strategy uses so-called bosonic quantum codes*.

为了使量子计算更具韧性并最终实现容错，研究人员正在探索保护量子信息免受错误影响的新方法。

一种有前景的策略使用所谓的玻色量子码*。

Instead of assigning quantum information to individual qubits, this approach stores it in microwave fields inside superconducting circuits.

这种方法不是把量子信息分配给单个量子比特，而是将其存储在超导电路内的微波场中。

"Rather than storing quantum information in individual qubits, bosonic codes encode information in the microwave fields found within superconducting circuits. This approach has been shown to provide stronger protection against certain types of errors," explains Tangyou Huang, researcher in Quantum Technology at Chalmers and co-author of the study.

“玻色码不是把量子信息存储在单个量子比特中，而是把信息编码在超导电路内的微波场中。

这种方法已被证明能对某些类型的错误提供更强的保护，”查尔姆斯量子技术研究员、该研究的共同作者Tangyou Huang解释说。

Quantum Operations More Than 1,000 Times Faster

量子操作速度提高一千倍以上

Working with bosonic quantum codes is not simple. Creating and controlling the required quantum states has traditionally involved guiding a quantum system through thousands of repeated driving cycles.

使用玻色量子码并不简单。

创建和控制所需的量子态传统上需要引导量子系统经历数千次重复驱动循环。

That process can take considerable time, and every additional cycle creates another opportunity for outside disturbances to interfere with the calculation. In quantum computing, speed is therefore closely tied to reliability.

这一过程可能耗费相当多时间，而每一个额外循环都会为外部干扰干涉计算创造又一次机会。

因此，在量子计算中，速度与可靠性密切相关。

Chalmers researchers Lei Du and Tangyou Huang have now proposed a different strategy. Rather than constructing the desired quantum states one small piece at a time, their method can perform a wide variety of operations much faster.

查尔姆斯研究人员Lei Du和Tangyou Huang现在提出了一种不同的策略。

他们的方法不是一次一小块地构建所需量子态，而是能够更快地执行多种操作。

"Our method shows that a diverse range of quantum operations on bosonic states can be completed within a single driving cycle, rather than the several thousand cycles that have been required previously. This makes the operations both faster and more efficient, while reducing the risk that disturbances will corrupt the information before the process is finished. It represents an important step towards fault-tolerant quantum computers," says Lei Du.

“我们的方法表明，对玻色态的各种量子操作可以在单个驱动循环内完成，而不是像以前那样需要数千个循环。

这使操作既更快又更高效，同时降低了干扰在过程完成前破坏信息的风险。

它代表着朝着容错量子计算机迈出的重要一步，”Lei Du说。

Quantum Lattice Gates Provide a Shortcut

量子晶格门提供捷径

The new approach is built around Quantum lattice gates, a recently proposed universal set of quantum gates developed by the same research team.

这种新方法围绕量子晶格门构建，这是由同一研究团队最近提出的一套通用量子门。

These gates act somewhat like shortcuts. Instead of requiring a long sequence of repeated control steps, they can allow the intended quantum operation to be completed in just one driving cycle. That could make the process faster, simpler, and less vulnerable to errors.

这些门在某种程度上就像捷径。

它们不需要一长串重复的控制步骤，而是可以让目标量子操作仅在一个驱动循环内完成。

这可能使过程更快、更简单，并且更不容易出错。

"You can think of it like building a large Lego castle. Instead of assembling it brick by brick and risking mistakes along the way, quantum lattice gates act like pre-built Lego modules that can be connected quickly and efficiently," says Tangyou Huang.

“你可以把它想象成建造一座大型乐高城堡。

量子晶格门不像一块一块地拼装并在此过程中冒着出错风险，而是像预先搭建好的乐高模块，可以快速高效地连接起来，”Tangyou Huang说。

Designed for Superconducting Quantum Computers

为超导量子计算机而设计

The technique is especially well suited to superconducting quantum computers, which are among the most prominent technologies being developed in the international push toward large-scale quantum computing.

这项技术特别适合超导量子计算机，超导量子计算机是国际社会推动大规模量子计算过程中最受关注的技术之一。

Chalmers University of Technology is also using superconducting technology as it develops a 100-qubit quantum computer.

查尔姆斯理工大学在开发一台100量子比特量子计算机时，也在使用超导技术。

"A key advantage of our approach is that it can be implemented using existing superconducting quantum circuit platforms. We are already discussing possible experimental realizations with colleagues at Chalmers, and we hope to see a demonstration of the method in the near future," says Tangyou Huang.

“我们方法的一个关键优势是，它可以利用现有的超导量子电路平台来实现。

我们已经在与查尔姆斯的同事讨论可能的实验实现，并希望不久后看到该方法的演示，”Tangyou Huang说。

The researchers say the work addresses a central problem facing the field: efficiently producing and controlling quantum states that are capable of helping correct errors.

研究人员表示，这项工作解决了该领域面临的一个核心问题：高效地产生和控制能够帮助纠错的量子态。

"Our results address one of the major bottlenecks in the field: how to quickly and reliably create and control the error-correcting quantum states that could play an important role in future quantum computers," says Lei Du.

“我们的结果解决了该领域的一个主要瓶颈：如何快速可靠地创建和控制未来量子计算机中可能发挥重要作用的纠错量子态，”Lei Du说。

More About Bosonic Codes, Quantum Lattice Gates and Floquet Control

关于玻色码、量子晶格门和Floquet控制的更多信息

Bosonic quantum codes store quantum information in the states of, for example, microwave or optical resonators rather than in individual qubits. They are considered a promising tool for quantum error correction because they can provide built-in protection against certain types of errors.

玻色量子码将量子信息存储在例如微波或光学谐振器的状态中，而不是存储在单个量子比特中。

它们被认为是量子纠错的一种有前景的工具，因为它们可以对某些类型的错误提供内置保护。

Quantum operations are needed to process that stored information. Quantum lattice gates are a recently proposed collection of basic building blocks that can be used to control bosonic quantum states. By combining and designing these gates, researchers can carry out a wide range of more complicated quantum operations.

处理所存储的信息需要量子操作。

量子晶格门是最近提出的一组基本构件，可用于控制玻色量子态。

通过组合和设计这些门，研究人员可以执行各种更复杂的量子操作。

One method for implementing these operations is known as Floquet control, which uses periodic control signals to drive a quantum system. Earlier Floquet-based techniques have generally depended on slower processes involving many repeated driving cycles. The approach developed at Chalmers can instead perform quantum lattice gates directly in a single driving cycle, making some operations more than a thousand times faster.

实现这些操作的一种方法被称为Floquet控制，它使用周期性控制信号来驱动量子系统。

早期基于Floquet的技术通常依赖涉及许多重复驱动循环的较慢过程。

查尔姆斯开发的方法则可以在单个驱动循环中直接执行量子晶格门，使某些操作快一千倍以上。

声明：本文内容仅代表作者个人观点，与本站立场无关。

如有内容侵犯您的合法权益，请及时与我们联系，我们将第一时间安排处理。